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- Presentation on theme: “Science & the Scientific Method What is science? Science is the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena.”— Presentation transcript:
- What is a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon?
- What is a testable explanation used to examine or test the phenomena?
- What is the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena?
- Which of the following is defined as a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon quizlet?
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Presentation on theme: “Science & the Scientific Method What is science? Science is the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena.”— Presentation transcript:
1 Science & the Scientific Method What is science? Science is the use of evidence to construct testable
explanations and predictions of natural phenomena as well as the knowledge generated through this process.
2 What is chemistry? Chemistry is the branch of science that studies matter and the changes it undergoes. -or- The branch of science that đơn hàng with the identification of substances of which matter is composed; the investigation of their
properties and the ways they interact, combine, and change. Science & the Scientific Method
3 Branches of chemistry
Physical chemistry – study of the physical and fundamental basis of chemical systems and processes (examples: thermodynamics, electrochemistry, astrochemistry) Organic chemistry – study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds (compounds with a carbon backbone) Science & the Scientific Method
4 Branches of chemistry Inorganic chemistry – study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. Includes nuclear chemistry. Analytical chemistry – analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure
5 Science & the Scientific Method Branches of chemistry Biochemistry – study of the chemicals, reactions, and interactions that take place in living organisms. Petrochemistry – study of the transformation of petroleum and natural
gas into useful products Phytochemistry – study of phytochemicals that come from plants
6 Science & the Scientific Method Branches of chemistry Agrochemistry – study and
application of chemistry and biochemistry for agricultural production, food processing, and environmental monitoring. Pharmacology – branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action and their chemical effects
7 Scientific inquiry – the planned and deliberate
investigation of the natural world. Scientific methods of investigation can be experimental, descriptive, or comparative. The method chosen should be appropriate to the question being asked. Science & the Scientific Method
8 Scientific system – collection of cycles, structures, and
processes that interact. All systems have basic properties that can be described in terms of space, time, energy, and matter. Change and constancy occur in systems as patterns and can be observed, measured, and modeled. These patterns help to make predictions that can be scientifically tested. Science & the Scientific Method
9 What is
the scientific method? The scientific method is the principles and procedures involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
10 6 Steps of the Scientific Method 1.Make an observation. 2.Ask a
question. 3.Formulate a hypothesis 4.Test hypothesis via experimentation 5.Analyze data and draw conclusions 6.Communicate & share your results Science & the Scientific Method
11 1.Make an observation. Some tomatoes in my garden are bigger than others. 2.Ask a question. Why are some
tomatoes bigger than others? 3.Formulate a hypothesis. I think the tomatoes are bigger because those plants get more sun than others. Science & the Scientific Method
12 What is a hypothesis? Hypothesis – a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Hypotheses are
tentative and testable statements that must be capable of being supported or not supported by observational evidence. What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? Science & the Scientific Method
13 A theory is a well-established principle that
has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural world. A theory arises from repeated observation and testing and incorporates facts, laws, predictions, and tested hypotheses that are widely accepted. A hypothesis is a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Science & the Scientific Method
14 Hypotheses of durable explanatory power that have been tested over a wide variety of conditions are incorporated into theories Science & the Scientific Method
15 theories are based on natural and physical phenomena and are capable of being tested by multiple independent researchers. Unlike hypotheses, scientific theories are well- established and highly-reliable explanations, but may be subject to change as new areas of
science and new technologies are developed Science & the Scientific Method
16 4. Test hypothesis via experimentation Experiment – a scientific test in which you perform a series of actions and carefully observe their effects in order to learn about something Science & the Scientific Method
17 Parts of an experiment variables – the factors that change during the experiment The independent variable is the variable that is intentionally changed in the experiment. Varying photoperiods for growth of tomatoes
Science & the Scientific Method
18 The dependent variable is the variable that responds to the changes in the independent variable. The size of the tomatoes The control is the standard against which the researcher compares the results from each treatment group (level)
in the experiment. Tomatoes in no light Science & the Scientific Method
19 Constants are the things that are kept the same each time one of the trials in the experiment is repeated. Fertilization or water for tomato plants The repeated trials are the number of
times the experiment is repeated to determine how the independent variable affected the results. How many tomato plants were exposed to each photoperiod? Science & the Scientific Method
20 5. Analyze data and interpret the results Organize your data. Science & the
Scientific Method
21 Graph your data and observe trends. Science & the Scientific Method
22
Which photoperiod had the largest tomatoes? Which photoperiod had the smallest? Analyze and interpret your results
23 Conclusion? 12 hour photoperiod gave the largest tomatoes. Do tomatoes tolerate no light very well? Do tomatoes tolerate nonstop light very well? Could other factors have affected the
growth of tomatoes? Science & the Scientific Method
What is a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon?
A scientific hypothesis is a tentative, testable explanation for a phenomenon in the natural world. It’s the initial building block in the scientific method. Many describe it as an “educated guess” based on prior knowledge and observation.
What is a testable explanation used to examine or test the phenomena?
A hypothesis is a testable explanation for an observable phenomenon. Hypotheses are generated based on previous observations of nature that can not be explained by existing hypotheses or theories, and must be testable and falsifiable.
What is the search for information and explanations of natural phenomena?
scientific hypothesis, an idea that proposes a tentative explanation about a phenomenon or a narrow set of phenomena observed in the natural world.
Which of the following is defined as a testable explanation for a natural phenomenon quizlet?
A hypothesis is an explanation for a natural phenomenon. A hypothesis must be testable in a way that is replicable by others.
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