Mẹo Copy linked list to another linked list C 2022

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In the previous lecture, we have seen some applications of the arrays. Arrays are nice and simple for storing things in a certain order, but they have drawbacks.

In this lecture, we explore an important alternate implementation of the data structure that stores a sequence of elements — linked list.

Definition: A linked list is a collection of nodes that together form a linear ordering. It takes many different forms and implementation. In its most simplest form, a singly linked list is a linked list where each node is an object that stores a reference to an element and a reference, called next, to another node. Note that a node is defined in terms of itself, which is called self-referential structure.

Terminologies:

• The next reference inside a node can be viewed as a link or pointer to another node.
• The first and last node of a linked list usually are called the head and tail of the list, respectively. Thus, we can traverse the list starting at the head and ending at the tail. The tail node is a special node, where the next pointer is always pointing or linking to a null reference, indicating the end of the list.

Implementations: There are usually two forms of linked list:

• Without a dummy head (refer to the top singly linked list in the following diagram), or
• With a dummy head (bottom one). Dummy headers are often used because they help with the implementation.

Unlike an array, a singly linked list does not have a predetermined fixed size, and uses space proportional to the number of its elements. However, since we do not keep track of any index numbers for the nodes in a linked list, we cannot tell just by examining a node if it is the second, or fifth node in the list.

Based on the above description of a singly linked list, what is the ADT for singly linked lists?

Here is an implementation of the node of a singly linked list with elements as character strings.

/** Node of a singly linked list of strings. */
public class Node
private String element; // we assume elements are character strings
private Node next;
/** Creates a node with the given element and next node. */
public Node(String s, Node n)
element = s;
next = n;

/** Returns the element of this node. */
public String getElement() return element;
/** Returns the next node of this node. */
public Node getNext() return next;
// Modifier methods:
/** Sets the element of this node. */
public void setElement(String newElem) element = newElem;
/** Sets the next node of this node. */
public void setNext(Node newNext) next = newNext;

And the following is an incomplete implementation of the singly linked list:

/** Singly linked list .*/
public class SLinkedList
protected Node head; // head node of the list
protected long size; // number of nodes in the list
/** Default constructor that creates an empty list */
public SLinkedList()
head = null;
size = 0;

// … update and search methods would go here …

What about the case with a dummy head?

/** Singly linked list .*/
public class SLinkedList
protected Node head; // head node of the list
protected long size; // number of nodes in the list
/** Default constructor that creates an empty list */
public SLinkedList()
head = new Node(null, null); // create a dummy head
size = 0;

// … update and search methods would go here …

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